Journal: Translational Psychiatry

Article Title: Astrocytic APOE3-Christchurch expression ameliorates brain amyloid-β pathology in 5xFAD mice

doi: 10.1038/s41398-026-04002-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A - C ) Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in the soluble TBS fractions ( A ), detergent soluble (TBS-X) fractions ( B ), and insoluble neutralized formic acid (FA) fractions ( C ) of cortical brain homogenates in the 5xFAD mice were measured by ELISA at 8 months of age, normalized to protein concentrations of each fraction. ( D ) Soluble oligomeric Aβ (oAβ) levels in the TBS-X fractions of cortical brain homogenates in the 5xFAD mice were measured by ELISA at 8 months of age, normalized to protein concentrations. ( E, F ) Amounts of full-length APP in the TBS-X fractions of mouse cortical lysates were measured by western blot at 8 months of age, normalized to those of β-actin (ACTB). Data are expressed as means ± SEM (GFP: N = 12; APOE3: N = 18; APOE3Ch: N = 13; Open circles: females, closed circles: males). Injection group differences were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, adjusting for sex. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Aβ42 monomer (1 mg/ml) (Stressmarq, #SPR-485) was incubated at room temperature for 10 min. To dissolve the peptide, 7.5 μl of cold DMSO (Sigma Aldrich) was added, followed by 92.5 μl of cold PBS (PH 7.4) to reach a final concentration of 220 μM monomeric Aβ42.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Injection

Journal: Translational Psychiatry

Article Title: Astrocytic APOE3-Christchurch expression ameliorates brain amyloid-β pathology in 5xFAD mice

doi: 10.1038/s41398-026-04002-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Isogenic iPSC-derived astrocytes (iPSC-ACs) with homozygous APOE3 (left) and APOE3Ch (right) were immunostained for GFAP (green) and S100b (red). DAPI (blue) stains nuclei. Scale bars: 100 µm. ( B ) APOE mRNA levels in the iPSC-ACs were measured by RT-qPCR, normalized to those of β-actin ( ACTB ). ( C, D ) Amounts of APOE in the conditioned medium (CM) from iPSC-ACs were measured by western blot, normalized to protein amounts of cell lysates. ( E ) Effects of the CM from iPSC-ACs on Aβ42 aggregation was assessed by western blot using 6E10 antibody. ( F - G ) Populations of Aβ fibrils (F; > 150 kDa), oligomers (G; 37–150 kDa), and monomers ( H ; < 10 kDa) were quantified. Data expressed as means ± SEM (n = 3–5 independent differentiation batches). Group differences were analyzed using two-tailed student t-test or one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. *, P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Aβ42 monomer (1 mg/ml) (Stressmarq, #SPR-485) was incubated at room temperature for 10 min. To dissolve the peptide, 7.5 μl of cold DMSO (Sigma Aldrich) was added, followed by 92.5 μl of cold PBS (PH 7.4) to reach a final concentration of 220 μM monomeric Aβ42.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Two Tailed Test

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Inhibition of Amyloid-β (Aβ)-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Neuroinflammation in CHI3L1 Knockout Mice through Downregulation of ERK-PTX3 Pathway

doi: 10.3390/ijms25105550

Figure Lengend Snippet: CHI3L1 related to AD. Human serum analysis of Aβ 1–40 , Aβ 1–42 , Tau, and CHI3L1 in patients with AD and healthy controls using ELISA ( n = 25). The ( A ) serum levels and ( B ) ROC curves of Aβ 1–40 , Aβ 1–42 , Tau, and CHI3L1. ( C ) Spearman correlation test results between CHI3L1 and Aβ 1–40 , Aβ 1–42 , or Tau. Each value is mean ± S.E.M. from 25 samples. *, Significantly different from control group ( p < 0.05). ***, Significantly different from control group ( p < 0.001). n.s., not significant.

Article Snippet: Aβ 1–42 and Aβ 1–40 levels were determined using each specific mouse Aβ 1–42 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit and mouse Aβ 1–40 ELISA Kit purchased from CUSABIO (Houston, TX, USA) following the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: European journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Discovery of novel hybrids containing clioquinol-1-benzyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine as multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) against Alzheimer's disease.

doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114841

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 8. Modulation of anti-AD compounds on Cu2+-induced Aβ1−42 aggregation. (A) The fluorescence intensity of the ThT binding assay (n = 8), data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Statistical significance was analyzed by ANOVA: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. (B)TEM image analysis of the inhibition of compounds on Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Serial numbers indicate the following: (1) fresh Aβ1-42, (2) Aβ1-42 alone, (3) Aβ1-42 + Cu2+, (4) Aβ1-42 + Cu2+ + 19n, (5) Aβ1-42 + Cu2+ + CQ, (6) Aβ1-42 + Cu2+ + Don. Experimental conditions were as follows: Aβ1-42 (25 μM); compound/Aβ1-42/Cu2+ = 2:1:1; HEPES (20 mM) and NaCl (150 mM); pH 7.5; 37 ◦C.

Article Snippet: Aβ1− 42 (MCE, HY-P1363) was dissolved in ammonium hydroxide (1% v/v) to give a stock solution (200 μM), which was aliquoted into small portions and stored at − 80 ◦C.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Binding Assay, Inhibition

Journal: European journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Discovery of novel hybrids containing clioquinol-1-benzyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine as multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) against Alzheimer's disease.

doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114841

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 16. Anti-AD effects of intragastric administration of 19n (15 mg/kg), donepezil (5 mg/kg) on Aβ1-42-induced cognitive impairment in C57bl/6 mice determined by the Morris water maze and Y-maze test. (A)The mice were shown as the control, model, donepezil, and 19n groups (n = 15). (B) The escape latency to target, (C) The ratio of brain weight to the body weight, (D) The time in the target quadrant, (E) The duration in novel arm. Data were presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 15; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, Control group vs. Aβ1-42 model group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001, 19n or donepezil group vs. Aβ1-42 model group).

Article Snippet: Aβ1− 42 (MCE, HY-P1363) was dissolved in ammonium hydroxide (1% v/v) to give a stock solution (200 μM), which was aliquoted into small portions and stored at − 80 ◦C.

Techniques: Control